BLUE GUIDE INDIA

 

Abbas, Shah, Persian emperor 23, 646

Abbé de Faria, priest 636

Abhaneri, Rajasthan 156

Abu, Mt 130, 185

Achalpur, Maharashtra 535

Ackerley, J.R., writer 466

Adham Khan, foster brother of Akbar 87

Adi Granth, holy book of Sikhism 64, 262, 290

Adil Shah sultans 634

Adinath, Adishwar, Jain saviour 63

Adityavarman, King 326

Adoni, Andhra Pradesh 735

Afghanistan and Afghans in Indian history 18,

20, 21, 23, 25, 49

Aga Khan, the 69

Agartala, Tripura 594

Agni, early Hindu god 55

Agra, Uttar Pradesh 22, 24, 206–18

European Cemetery 218

Fort 214

Mahtab Bagh 213

Taj Mahal 208–13, 210

Tomb of Itimad ud-Daula 217

Agroha, Haryana 278

Ahar culture 129

Ahilyabai Holkar, Maratha queen 43

Ahmadis sect 69

Ahmedabad, Gujarat 11, 362–68

Ahmednagar, Maharashtra 532

Ahmednagar Sultanate 24

Ahmed Shah Abdali, Afghan leader 25

Ahmed Shah, Gujarat sultan 361

Ahmed Sirhindi, Sufi saint 300

Ahobilam, Andhra Pradesh 735

Ahom Kingdom 590

Aihole, Karnataka 19, 38, 692

Airavateshwara Temple, Tamil Nadu 803

Ajaigarh, Madhya Pradesh 461

Ajanta, Maharashtra 9, 11, 19, 38, 527–31

Ajinta, Maharashtra 532

Ajmer, Rajasthan 9, 41, 144–47

Akali Dal, political party 288

Akbar, Mughal emperor 21, 23, 25, 64, 67, 79,

87, 102, 131, 133, 142, 144, 168, 169, 171,

175, 187, 188, 190, 206, 207, 214, 215, 242,

247, 252, 261, 272, 279, 290, 300, 317, 321,

361, 372, 384, 386, 394, 428, 429, 435, 502;

(armour of) 477; (at Fatehpur Sikri) 220ff;

(miniature of) 120; (religious beliefs of) 67;

(tomb of) 218–19

Aksai Chin region 341

Alamparai, Tamil Nadu 787

Alampur, Andhra Pradesh 734

Alappuzha (see Alleppey)

Alauddin Khilji, Afghan ruler 77

Alchi, Ladakh 349

Alexander the Great 17, 35, 111, 288, 670

Alibag, Maharashtra 510

Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh 227

Aligarh Muslim University 68

Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh 252

Alleppey, Kerala 755

Almeida, Francisco de, viceroy 468

Almora, Uttarakhand 268

Alwar, Rajasthan 153

Amaravati, Andhra Pradesh 712, 733

Ambala, Haryana 275

Ambedkar, B.R., lawyer and writer 50, 61

Amber Fort, Rajasthan 141–44

Amherst, Lord, governor-general 304

Amritsar, Punjab 11, 289–93, 292

Anakapalli, Andhra Pradesh 731

Anandpur Sahib, Punjab 301

Major or explanatory references, where many page numbers are cited, are given in bold; picture

references are rendered in italics. Gods, bodhisattvas, avatars and tirthankars are referenced only

to pages where their role or general significance is explained.

Bandel, West Bengal 566

Bandhavgarh, Madhya Pradesh 463

Bangalore, Karnataka 659–63

Bangladesh, independence from India 30

Bansberia, West Bengal 566

Barabar Caves, Bihar 35, 607

Baramullah, Kashmir 337

Bareilly 67

Barelvis, Muslim sect 67

Baripada, Orissa 631

Barmer, Rajasthan 174

Baroda, Gujarat 377

Baroli (see Badoli)

Barrackpore, West Bengal 568

Barrackpore Mutiny 561

Barua Sagar, Madhya Pradesh 450

Basavakalyan Fort, Karnataka 680

Basgo, Ladakh 346

Basham, A.L., historian 47

Bassein (see Vasai)

Bayana, Rajasthan 153

Bayram Khan, guardian of Akbar 23

Baz Bahadur, ruler 429, 433

Beatles, The 265, 266

Bedsa Caves, Maharashtra 505

Begg, John, architect 482

Beglar, J.D.M., historian 455

Bekal Fort, Kerala 763

Belgaum, Karnataka 706

Bellary, Karnataka 707

Belur, Karnataka 41, 670

Benares (see Varanasi)

Benfield, Paul, architect 777

Bengal (see West Bengal)

Bengal famine 29

Bengali language 16

Bengaluru (see Bangalore)

Bernier, François, traveller 327

Betjeman, Penelope, traveller 324

Beyt Dwarka, Gujarat 403

Bhadreshwar, Gujarat 66, 406

Bhagavad Gita, Hindu text 53, 57, 273

Bhagwan Mahaveer, Goa 653

Bhainsrorgarh, Rajasthan 193

Bhairavakonda, Andhra Pradesh 741

Bhairava, representation of Shiva 52

Bhaja, Maharashtra 36, 504

Bhakti movement 49

Bhandarej, Rajasthan 156

Bhand Sagar, Rajasthan 162

Bhangarh, Rajasthan 9, 156

Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) 31, 32, 50

Bharatpur, Rajasthan 151

Bharhut, Madhya Pradesh 36

Bharmour, Himachal Pradesh 319

Bharuch, Gujarat 384

Bhatinda, Punjab 297

Bhatkal, Karnataka 706

Bhavnagar, Gujarat 388

Bhawani Mandi, Rajasthan 195

Bhedaghat, Madhya Pradesh 463

Bheemunipatnam, Andhra Pradesh 731

Bhima, character in the Mahabharata 57

Bhimbetka, Madhya Pradesh 9, 11, 14, 34, 416

Bhimgarh Fort, Jammu 338

Bhitargaon, Uttar Pradesh 240

Bhitarkanika National Park, Orissa 631

Bhoganandishwara Temple, Karnataka 663

Bhojpur, Madhya Pradesh 416

Bhongir Fort, Andhra Pradesh 726

Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh 412–15

Bhubaneswar, Orissa 19, 619–22

Bhuj, Gujarat 404

Bhutias, people 586

Bidar, Karnataka 676

Bihar 12, 597–616

Bijapur, Karnataka 41, 682–86

Bijapur Sultanate 24, 25

Bijolia, Rajasthan 198

Bikaner, Rajasthan 160

Bikkavolu, Andhra Pradesh 732

Bindusara, Mauryan emperor 17

Bishnupur, West Bengal 580

Bithur, Uttar Pradesh 240

BJP, political party 31, 32, 50

Black Hole of Calcutta 26, 537, 538, 548;

(memorial to victims of) 547

Bodhgaya, Bihar 60, 605–7

Bodhisattvas in Buddhism 61, 62

Bodh Karbhu, Ladakh 353

Ananta, serpent-god 51

Andaman islands 12, 13, 829

Andhra Pradesh 12, 712–43

Andretta, Himachal Pradesh 318

Anegundi, Karnataka 705

Angamaly, Kerala 756

Anglo-Sikh wars 65

Anjengo Fort, Kerala 747

Anson, General George 273

Antichak, Bihar 605

Anupu, Andhra Pradesh 730

Anwa, Maharashtra 532

Aravalli Hills 13, 121, 129

Architectural styles in India 34–45

Arcot, Tamil Nadu 794

Ardhanarishwara, representation of Shiva 52,

493

Arikamedu, Pondicherry enclave 768, 791

Arjan, Sikh guru 64

Arjuna, character in the Mahabharata 53, 57

Arki, Himachal Pradesh 312

Artistic styles in India 34–45

Arunachal Pradesh 593

Arunachalam, mountain 795

Arvalem Caves, Goa 653

Aryans, ancient people 15

Arya Samaj movement 50

Asaf ud-Daula, Nawab ruler 230

Ashoka the Great 17, 18, 606, 610, 618, 624;

(and Buddhism) 49, 60, 62, 111, 122, 205,

597, 624; (pillars and inscribed edicts of) 1,

18, 35, 60, 78, 94, 111, 122, 123, 246, 248,

249, 252, 254, 261, 277, 279, 397, 420, 421,

496, 554, 604, 624, 682

Ashoka Palace 602

Assam 12, 590–93

Assyrian Church of the East 758

Atgah Khan 102

Athangudi, Tamil Nadu 816

Atma, concept in Hinduism 57

Aungier, Gerald, governor 468

Aurangabad, Maharashtra 25, 515

Aurangzeb, Mughal emperor 21, 24, 24–25, 42,

64, 67, 68, 79, 106, 109, 110, 134, 148, 164,

175, 242, 245, 282, 290, 301, 327, 340, 438,

502, 519, 520, 659, 712, 722, 725; (armour

of) 121; (at Aurangabad) 515ff; (grave of)

520; (site of coronation of) 123; (site of death

of) 533; (swords and dagger of) 379, 544,

718

Aurobindo, Sri, spiritual leader 50

Auroville, Tamil Nadu 50, 791

Austen, Jane, novelist 572

Avadh, Uttar Pradesh 27

Avalokiteshwara, bodhisattva 62

Avantipur, Kashmir 335

Avatars of Vishnu 51

Axial Age 17

Ayodhya, Uttar Pradesh 56, 238

Azhicode, Kerala 757

B

Babri Mosque, Ayodhya, Uttar Pradesh 22, 50

Babur, Mughal emperor 21–22, 79, 131,

206–07, 221, 272, 436; (miniature of) 120;

(battle trumpets of) 177

Baburnama, historic text 22

Bacon Jr, John, sculptor 773

Badami, Karnataka 19, 39, 686–90

Badaun, Uttar Pradesh 229

Badoli, Rajasthan 193

Badrinath, Uttarakhand 267

Bagali, Karnataka 707

Bagar, Rajasthan 159

Bageshwar, Uttarakhand 269

Bahadur Shah Zafar, Mughal emperor 27, 68,

80, 86; (bow of) 121

Baha’is in India 75

Bahmanid Sultanate 634, 659

Bahraich, Uttar Pradesh 66, 239

Baijnath, Himachal Pradesh 318

Baijnath, Uttarakhand 268

Bairat, Rajasthan 156

Baisakhi festival 59, 65

Baker, Herbert, architect 113, 117, 307

Baker, Laurie, architect 755

Balag, Himachal Pradesh 313

Balasore, Orissa 631

Baleswar (see Balasore)

Balsamand, Rajasthan 166

Chandreshwar-Bhutanath Temple, Goa 652

Chantrey, Sir Francis, sculptor 480

Chanwa Fort, Rajasthan 170

Chapora Fort, Goa 650

Charaideo, Assam 592

Charan Mandir, Rajasthan 140

Char Dham pilgrimage sites, Uttarakhand 266

Charkhari, Madhya Pradesh 463

Charnock, Job 537, 539, 565, 572; (tomb of) 547

Chaul, Maharashtra 511

Chaurasi, Orissa 625

Chennai, Tamil Nadu 12, 770–80 (see also

Madras)

Chera Dynasty 18, 744, 768

Cherrapunji, Meghalaya 593

Cheruman Perumal, King 65

Chettinad, Tamil Nadu 816

Chezarla, Andhra Pradesh 733

Chhath festival 59

Chhattisgarh 11, 467

Chhota Udaipur, Gujarat 383

Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu 800

Chilka Lake, Orissa 632

Chingus Fort, Jammu 338

Chinsura, West Bengal 564

Chisholm, R.F., architect 378, 747, 777, 825

Chishti order of Sufis 66

Chitradurga, Karnataka 707

Chittor/Chittorgarh, Rajasthan 21, 131, 187–91

Chogyals, kings 586

Chola art and architecture 39–40, 40

Chola Empire 18, 19, 659, 768, 805

Chota Pandua, West Bengal 567

Christianity, Christians in India 46, 49, 70–71,

590, 593, 594, 635, 639, 744, 753, 758

(see also Cajetan, Jesus Christ, Francis Xavier,

Thomas the Apostle)

Chunar, Uttar Pradesh 249

Chunchura, West Bengal 564

Churchill, Sir Winston 720

Clive of India 26, 538, 773, 794

Cochin, Kerala 12, 21, 748–52

Congress (see Indian National Congress)

Conybeare, Henry, architect 473

Cooch Behar, West Bengal 583

Coonoor, Tamil Nadu 825

Coorg, Karnataka 669

Corbett, Jim, conservationist 270

Corbusier, Le, architect 9, 43, 282, 283, 368

Correa, Charles, architect 44, 368

Coryate, Thomas, biography of 411

Cossimbazar, West Bengal 571

Cotton, Bishop 310, 311

Courtorim, Goa 652

Cowper, Colonel Thomas, architect 480

Crafts, traditional 44

Cranganore, Kerala 65, 756

Craven, Roy, historian 39

Csoma de Körös, Alexander, Tibetologist 339

Cuddalore, Tamil Nadu 792

Cunningham, Alexander, historian 452, 553

Cutch (see Kutch)

Cuttack, Orissa 629

D

Dabhoi, Gujarat 383

Dalai Lama, spiritual leader of Tibet 11, 30, 62,

315, 316

Dalhousie, Himachal Pradesh 318

Dalits, in caste system 58

Dalrymple, William, writer 128, 259, 743

Daman enclave 11, 386

Dambal, Karnataka 706

Dance, Indian classical 44

Dancing girl of Mohenjo-daro 15, 15, 120

Dandi, Gujarat 386

Danes in India 25, 563, 808

Daniell, Thomas and William, artists 121, 544

Danish East India Company 809

Dara Mahal, Rajasthan 193

Dara Shikoh, brother of Aurangzeb 24, 68, 110,

156, 332

Darbhanga, Bihar 604

Darjeeling, West Bengal 12, 581

Darshan, act of worship 58

Dasavatara Temple, Deogarh 38

Datia, Madhya Pradesh 449

Daulatabad, Maharashtra 517

Day It Rained Gold, wartime incident 470

Deccan Plateau 13, 501, 658

Bogazköy, excavation site in Turkey 48

Bohras sect 69

Bolghatty Island, Kerala 752

Bollywood film industry 33, 45

Bomanji, Pestonji, painter 477

Bombay 25, 468–500 (see also Mumbai)

Bondla, Goa 653

Bond, Ruskin, writer 270

Bose, Subhash Chandra, nationalist leader 29,

561

Bragança House, Goa 652

Brahma, Hindu god 53

Brahmanas, Hindu text 57

Brahman, Hindu concept 58

Brahmanism 16

Brahmaputra, river 13, 590

Brahmin caste 16, 17, 49, 58

Brahmo Samaj movement 49, 550

Brihadishwara Temple, Tanjore, Tamil Nadu 20,

804, 807

Brindavan (see Vrindavan)

British East India Company 25, 26, 468, 561,

565, 761 (see also East India Company)

British in India 25, 26–29, 80, 132, 146, 206,

231, 305, 503, 561, 565, 568, 745, 770

Brock, Thomas, sculptor 544

Budaun (see Badaun)

Buddha Jayanti festival 61

Buddha (Siddhartha Gautama) 17, 35, 37, 49,

52, 60, 205, 603, 604, 608, 610; (ashes of)

36, 600, 603; (site of birth of) 255, 597; (site

of enlightenment of) 605, 606; (sermons

delivered) 239, 240, 247; (begging bowl of)

496; (site of death of) 256, 591; (museum)

604

Buddhism 17, 37, 60–63, 205, 586, 605;

(Ladakhi Buddhism) 341–42

Buddhist art and architecture 35–38, 37

Bundelkhand region, Madhya Pradesh 444

Bundi, Rajasthan 195

Bunniyar, Kashmir 337

Burhanpur, Madhya Pradesh 435

Burne-Jones, Edward 544

Buxar, Bengal 26; (battle of) 598

C

Cabo de Rama Fort, Goa 653

Cajetan, St 645

Calangute, Goa 649

Calcutta 25, 26 (see also Kolkata)

Calico Museum, Ahmedabad 44

Calicut, Kerala 21, 760

Cambay, Gujarat (see Khambat)

Camőes, poet 638, 643

Cannanore, Kerala (see Kannur)

Cape Comorin, Tamil Nadu 823

Carey, William, missionary 72, 563

Carnatic Wars 26, 770

Caste system 16, 58

Cave paintings, Bhimbetka 416–17

Caves, Barabar 607–08

Cave shrines, Buddhist 35–36, 195, 348, 356,

395–96, 487–89, 504–05, 513–15, 517, 608,

652–53, 732; (Ajanta) 527–31; (Ellora) 521ff

Cave-temples, Hindu 38, 422, 487, 489,

687–88, 733, 756, 783–84, 786, 800, 812,

821, 825; (Elephanta) 490–94; (Ellora) 521ff

Cave-temples, Jain 527, 609, 622–23

Cawnpore (see Kanpur)

Central Asia in Indian history 49

Chail, Himachal Pradesh 311

Chainpur, Bihar 615

Chalukya Dynasty 19, 38, 658

Chamba, Himachal Pradesh 318

Chambal ravines, Madhya Pradesh 441

Chamba Valley, Himachal Pradesh 318

Champaner, Gujarat 380–83

Chanakya (see Kautilya)

Chandannagar, West Bengal 563

Chandela Kingdom 451

Chanderi, Madhya Pradesh 443

Chandernagore, West Bengal 563

Chandigarh, Haryana/Punjab 9, 282–87

Chandni Chowk, Delhi 64

Chand, Prem, writer 45, 259

Chandragiri, Andhra Pradesh 739

Chandragiri Fort, Kerala 764

Chandra Gupta I, founder of Gupta Empire 19

Chandragupta, founder of Mauryan Empire 17,

675

Delhi contd.

Tombs of South Extension 92

Town Hall 110

Tughlaqabad Fort 89

Turkman Gate 109

Vijay Chowk 116

Zeenat-ul Masjid 109

Deoband, Uttar Pradesh 229

Deobandis, Muslim sect 67

Deogarh, Uttar Pradesh 445

Deogarh, Rajasthan 182

Desai, Kiran, writer 585

Desai, Morarji, politician 31

Deshnoke, Rajasthan 162

Devanahalli, Karnataka 663

Devikund, Rajasthan 162

Dewas, Madhya Pradesh 428

Dharamsala, Himachal Pradesh 11, 315

Dharma, dhamma 57

Dhar, Madhya Pradesh 428

Dhauli, Orissa 624

Dholavira, Gujarat 15, 34, 407

Dholka, Gujarat 9, 369

Dholpur, Rajasthan 441

Dhoni, Mahendra Singh 33

Diamond Triangle, Orissa 629

Dibrugarh, Assam 592

Digamber sect 63

Digboi, Assam 592

Dig, Rajasthan 151

Dilwara temples 186

Dimapur, Nagaland 594

Dinapore, Bihar 603

Dindigul, Tamil Nadu 821

Din Ilahi religion 67

Diu 11, 21, 392; (battle of) 393

Diwali festival 59

Dodda Gaddavahalli, Karnataka 673

Dost Mohammed Khan, Afghan adventurer 412

Draupadi, character in the Mahabharata 57

Dravidian language 15

Dravidian movement 769

Dravidians, people 15

Drew, Jane, architect 282

Dudhsagar waterfalls, Goa 653

Dumas, Alexandre, novelist 636

Dunagiri, Uttarakhand 268

Dundlod, Rajasthan 159

Dungarpur, Rajasthan 183

Dunghri, Himachal Pradesh 319

Dupleix, Joseph-François, governor 787

Durga, Hindu goddess 56

Durga Puja, festival 59

Dussehra festival 59

Dutch East India Company 385

Dutch in India 25, 564–65, 744, 748, 787, 811

Dwarahat, Uttarakhand 268

Dwarka, Gujarat 403

E

Early Classical Age 19

East India Company 25, 26, 27, 28, 132, 385,

537, 770 (see also British, Danish, Dutch,

United East India Company)

East Pakistan (now Bangladesh) 30

Edakal Caves, Kerala 764

Eid festivals 70

Eklingji, Rajasthan 181

Elephanta, Maharashtra 9, 11, 19, 39, 490–94

Ellichpur, Maharashtra 535

Ellora, Maharashtra 9, 11, 19, 521–527

Emerson, William, architect 483, 542, 544

Eran, Madhya Pradesh 38, 424

Erich, Madhya Pradesh 451

Ernakalum, Kerala 752

Erotic images in art 40, 159, 160, 182, 184,

195, 312, 367, 373, 424, 439, 591, 620, 625,

652, 661, 707; (Khajuraho) 451–60, 452,

453; (Konarak) 626–27

Esch, Vincent, architect 544, 717, 718

European influences on art and architecture 43

F

Faizabad, Uttar Pradesh 237

Faridkot, Punjab 296

Farrukhnagar, Haryana 280

Fatehabad, Haryana 278

Fatehpur, Rajasthan 160

Fatehpur Sikri, Uttar Pradesh 23, 42, 220–24

Fa Xien, traveller 598

Deccan sultanates 23

Deccan Traps 502

Deeg, Rajasthan 151

Deepawali festival 59

Dehra Dun, Uttarakhand 262

Delhi 9, 23, 76–128

Adilabad 91

Agarsen’s Baoli 119

Ajmer Gate 109

Anglo-Arabic Public School 109

Ashoka Rock Edict 94

Baha’i Temple 94

Ballimaran 110

Begumpur Masjid 91

Bhagirath Palace 110

Bijay Mandal 91

British Magazine 111

British Residency 110

Chandni Chowk 109

Chirag Delhi 92

Church of St Martin 123

Civil Lines 122

Commonwealth War Graves Cemetery 123

Connaught Place 118

Coronation Park 123

Crafts Museum 121

Daryaganj 109

Delhi Cantonment 123

Delhi Gate 109

Eremao Armenian Chapel 113

Fatehpuri Masjid 110

Feroze Shah Kotla 111

Gandhi Darshan 112

Gandhi Smriti, Birla House 119

Gaurishankar Hindu Temple 109

Hauz Khas 92

Humayun’s Tomb 96

India Gate 115

Indira Gandhi Memorial 119

Isa Khan’s Tomb 99, 100

Jaipur Column 117

Jama Masjid (Friday Mosque) 107

Jantar Mantar 118

Kalan Masjid 107

Kashmere Gate 111

Delhi contd.

Khirki Masjid 92

Lodi Gardens 93

Maiden’s Hotel 122

Masjid Moth 92

Mehrauli Archaeological Park 85

Metcalfe House 122

Mutiny Memorial 122

National Gallery of Modern Art 121

National Museum 120

New Delhi 113–122

Nicholson Cemetery 122

Nizamuddin 101

North and South Block 117

North Delhi 121–3

Northern Ridge 122

Old Delhi (Shahjahanabad) 106

Palace of Begum Samru 110

Parliament 117

Pir Ghaib 123

Presidential Palace 116

Purana Qila (Old Fort) 95

Qadam Sharif 112

Qudsia Bagh 122

Qutb Minar 82

Quwwat-ul Islam Mosque 83–84

Railway Museum 121

Raisina Hill 116

Rajghat 112

Rajpath 115

Red Fort (Lal Qila) 103

Roshanara Garden 123

Safdarjung’s Tomb 93

Secretariat 122

Shahi Idgah 112

Shalimar Bagh 123

Siri Fort 91

Sisganj Gurdwara 109

St James’ Church 110

Sulabh International Toilet Museum 121

Sultan Garhi’s Tomb 94

Sunehri Masjid 109

Surajkund 91

Teen Murti House 119

Tomb of Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq 90

Goa 12, 21, 30, 634–57

Goa Velha, Goa 647

Gobind Singh, Sikh guru 64

Godavari, river 501, 515

Gokarna, Karnataka 706

Golconda, Andhra Pradesh 12, 721–25

Golconda Sultanate 24, 25

Golden Temple, Amritsar, Punjab 11, 31, 63,

65, 290–92, 292, 302

Gondal, Gujarat 398

Gooty, Andhra Pradesh 736

Gopalpur-on-Sea, Orissa 632

Gop Temple, Gujarat 402

Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh 255

Gorkhaland movement 582

Gorkha nationalists 562

Govapur, Goa 647

Govardhan, Uttar Pradesh 227

Grand Trunk Road 22, 271, 598, 613

Granth Sahib, holy book in Sikhism 64

Granville, Walter, architect 546, 548, 552

Greco-Buddhist (see Gandhara)

Gujarat 11, 360–411

Gulbarga, Karnataka 680

Gulmarg, Kashmir 337

Guntapalle, Andhra Pradesh 732

Gupta Empire 19, 49, 598; (art of) 30

Gupta, Subodh, artist 121

Gurjara-Pratiharas, ancient people 19

Gurkhas 261, 303, 312; (see also Gorkhaland)

Guru Granth (see Adi Granth)

Gurus (see Arjan, Hargobind, Nanak, Ram Rai,

Rinpoche)

Guwahati, Assam 591

Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh 436–40

Gyaltshing, Sikkim 587

Gyaraspur, Madhya Pradesh 423

H

Hadimba Temple, Himachal Pradesh 319

Hajo, Assam 591

Haldane, J.B.S. 51

Halebid, Karnataka 41, 670

Hamadani, Sheikh 340

Hampi, Karnataka 9, 12, 41, 694–704, 703

Hamsa, vehicle of Brahma 53

Hanamkonda, Andhra Pradesh 727

Hancock, Eliza, cousin of Jane Austen 572

Hansi, Haryana 276

Hanuman, monkey-deity 54, 56

Harappan art and civilisation 14, 15, 34, 129,

163, 407

Hardwar, Uttarakhand 9, 265

Hare Krishnas 53, 226

Hargobind, Sikh guru 64

Harihara, Hindu god 167

Harihara I Temple, Osiyan, Rajasthan 39

Harihara, ruler 659

Harihar, Karnataka 707

Harnai, Maharashtra 512

Harsha Vardhana, 7th-century king 19

Haryana 9, 271–281

Hastinapura, Uttar Pradesh 57

Hastings, Warren, governor-general 26, 237,

538, 556, 572

Hathygod, Rajasthan 195

Hatkoti, Himachal Pradesh 313

Havelock, General Sir Henry 235

Hazrat Gesu Nawaz, shrine to 681

Heber, Bishop Reginald 813

Heliodorus, ancient Greek ambassador 18

Hemis Monastery, Ladakh 354

Hemkund, Uttarakhand 267

Heniskot, Ladakh 352

Hickey, Thomas, painter 544

Himachal Pradesh 11, 303–324

Himalayas 13, 586

Hindi language 16, 33

Hinduism 46, 47–59; (festivals) 59

Hindu nationalism, nationalists 16, 50

Hindustan, historic name for India 22

Hindu temple architecture 38, 40

Hindu trinity 47

Hinglajgarh, Madhya Pradesh 193

Hirapur, Orissa 624

Hisar or Hissar, Haryana 277

Holi festival 59

Holkonda, Karnataka 681

Hooghly, West Bengal 565; (river) 25, 537,

560, 562

Fazlullah, Sheikh 88

Ferozepur, Punjab 296

Feroze Shah Kotla, Delhi 24, 111–12

Feroze Shah Tughlaq 20, 78, 82, 107, 122, 123,

250, 277, 296; (tomb of) 93

Festivals 59, 61, 844

Feuillide, Eliza (see Hancock)

Film industry in India 45

First World War 28

Firuzabad, Karnataka 682

Five Pillars of Islam 69

Flaxman, John, sculptor 773, 808

Forster, E.M., writer 466, 607, 616

Fort Aguada, Goa 649

Fort Reis Magos, Goa 649

Fortress of Naldurg, Maharashtra 510

Fort Unchagaon, Uttar Pradesh 228

Frampton, George, sculptor 542

Francis Xavier, St 71, 635, 642; (tomb of)

641–42

French in India 25, 26, 563, 745, 770, 787,

810

Fry, Maxwell, architect 282

Fuller, Col J.A., architect 479

G

Gadag, Karnataka 706

Gaekwad, Maratha General Pilaji 378

Gagraon, Rajasthan 195

Gama, Vasco da, explorer 21, 744, 748, 760,

761; (grave of) 750

Ganapati (see Ganesh)

Gandhara art 18, 36–37, 37, 61; (in museum

collections) 120, 225, 286, 476, 477, 553,

600, 759, 776

Gandhi, Feroze 30, 75

Gandhi, Indira 30–31, 65, 309; (memorial to)

119

Gandhi, Kasturba 367, 399, 506

Gandhi, Mahatma 28, 29, 116, 253, 268, 399,

470, 506, 598; (autobiography of) 411;

(birthplace of) 402; (homes of) 367–68,

399, 534; (epithet ‘Mahatma’) 57, 579; (Salt

March) 29, 367, 386, 411; (and Untouchability)

50, 58, 753; (assassination of) 30, 119;

(cremation of) 112; (museums) 112, 388,

485, 604, 821; (memorials to) 103, 403, 534

Gandhinagar, Gujarat 369

Gandhi, Rajiv 31

Gandhi, Sanjay 31

Gandhi, Sonia 31

Gandikot, Andhra Pradesh 736

Ganesh Chaturthi festival 59

Ganesh, Ganesha, Hindu god 52, 54, 54

Ganga Dynasty 21

Gangaikondacholapuram, Tamil Nadu 39, 769,

804

Gangas, people 658

Gangaur festival 59

Ganges, river 9, 13, 16, 17, 205, 242, 265,

560, 597

Gangetic plain 76

Gangotri, Uttarakhand 266

Gangtok, Sikkim 587

Ganjam, Orissa 632

Ganpati festival 59

Garhgaon, Assam 592

Garhi, Sultan 77

Garhkundar, Madhya Pradesh 450

Garhwal, Uttarakhand 262

Garstin, John, architect 546

Garuda, vehicle of Vishnu 51

Gauhati, Assam 591

Gaur, West Bengal 573–77

George V, King 28, 80, 113, 378, 442, 474,

480, 542; (portrait of) 160; (statues of) 123,

544, 774

Gezing, Sikkim 587

Ghazipur, Uttar Pradesh 255

Ghaznavids, people 66

Ghengis Khan, Mongol leader 21

Gheriah, Maharashtra 512

Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq 77, 78; (tomb of) 90

Ghoom, West Bengal 583

Ghorids, people 20, 66

Ghosh, Amitav, writer 45, 536, 558

Ghumli Temple, Gujarat 402

Gingee, Tamil Nadu 9, 796

Gir National Park, Gujarat 394

Girnar, Mt 394, 397

(cemeteries) 551, 752; (book on) 767

Jeypore, Orissa 631

Jhajjar, Haryana 280

Jhalawar, Rajasthan 194

Jhalrapatan, Rajasthan 194

Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh 27, 444

Jharkhand 12, 617

Jhunjhunu, Rajasthan 158

Jinnah, Muhammad Ali 29

Jodhpur, Rajasthan 9, 21, 163–66

Jog Falls, Karnataka 706

Jones, Sir William, orientalist 26, 554

Jorbeer, Rajasthan 162

Joshimath, Uttarakhand 267

Judaism in India 72–73

Juggernaut, origin of 625

Jwalamukhi, Himachal Pradesh 318

Jyotirlingams 394, 427, 435, 515

K

Kabi Lunchok, Sikkim 587

Kachchh (see Kutch)

Kadamba Dynasty 634, 647

Kadirampura, Karnataka 705

Kaduthuruthi, Kerala 753

Kailashahar, Tripura 595

Kakinada, Andhra Pradesh 732

Kalibangan, Rajasthan 15, 129, 162

Kalidasa, poet and dramatist 45

Kali, Hindu goddess 56

Kalimpong, West Bengal 583

Kalinga Empire 18, 618

Kalinjar Fort, Uttar Pradesh 22

Kalinjar, Uttar Pradesh 462

Kalki, avatar of Vishnu 52

Kalna, West Bengal 567

Kalo Dungar, Gujarat 405

Kalpi, Uttar Pradesh 240

Kalugumalai, Tamil Nadu 822

Kalyug (Black Age) in Hinduism 58

Kamalapura, Karnataka 704

Kaman, Rajasthan 152

Kama Sutra 19

Kamran Mirza, Mughal ruler 22

Kanchenjunga, Mt 581, 586, 587

Kanchipuram, Tamil Nadu 768, 792

Kangra Fort, Himachal Pradesh 317

Kangra Valley, Himachal Pradesh 317

Kanishka, King of Kushana 18, 37

Kankwadi Fort, Rajasthan 156

Kannauj, Uttar Pradesh 19, 241

Kannur, Kerala 762

Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 240

Kanyakumari, Tamil Nadu 823

Kapilavastu, Nepal 256

Kappad, Kerala 761

Kapurthala, Punjab 294

Karadham, Uttar Pradesh 254

Karaikal enclave 787, 810

Karaikkudi, Tamil Nadu 816

Karauli, Rajasthan 152

Kara, Uttar Pradesh 254

Karbala, battle of 69

Karkala, Karnataka 676

Karla, Maharashtra 504

Karli, Maharashtra 36

Karma, concept 57

Karnal, Haryana 273

Karnataka 12, 658–711

Kartikeya, Hindu god 52, 54

Karwar, Karnataka 706

Kasaragod, Kerala 764

Kasauli, Himachal Pradesh 311

Kashmir, division of 30

Kashmir Valley 11, 325–37

Kasimbazar, West Bengal 571

Kathiawar (see Saurashtra)

Kausambi, Uttar Pradesh 254

Kausani, Uttarakhand 268

Kautilya, king’s advisor 17

Kaviyur, Kerala 755

Kawardha, Chhattisgarh 467

Kayalpattinam, Tamil Nadu 822

Kayamkulam, Kerala 756

Keane, Fergal, writer 596

Kedarnath, Uttarakhand 266

Kempe Gowde, chieftain 660

Hospet, Karnataka 705

Hoysala period 41; (people) 658

Hubli-Dharwar, Karnataka 706

Hughli (see Hooghly)

Humayun, Mughal emperor 21, 22, 23, 79,

97, 207, 247, 380, 381, 613; (death of) 96;

(tomb of) 9, 21, 22, 23, 42, 76, 79, 96–99

Husain, M.F., painter 44, 718

Hussainiwala checkpost, Punjab 296

Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh 12, 713–21

Hyder Ali, ruler of Mysore 26, 659, 660, 662,

664, 665, 668, 708, 748, 763; (mausoleum

of) 668

I

Ibn Battuta, traveller 78, 89, 128, 452

Ibrahim, Lodi sultan 21, 272

Idar, Gujarat 377

Iltutmish, Slave Sultan 77

Imphal, Manipur 594

Independence (1947) 29; (First War of, see

Uprising)

Indergarh, Rajasthan 150

Indian National Congress 28, 29, 30, 32

Indo-Aryans, ancient people 16

Indo-Greek kingdoms 18

Indore, Madhya Pradesh 426

Indo-Saracenic architecture 43; (examples of)

139, 147, 161, 162, 193, 194, 228, 378, 426,

441, 476, 479, 482, 599, 665, 773

Indra, early Hindu god 55

Indraprastha, possible site of 35

Indus, river 13, 15, 17

Indus Valley civilisation 14, 34, 163, 407

Irich, Madhya Pradesh 451

Irwin, Henry, architect 665

Isa Khan, tomb of 99, 100

Islam in India 65–70, 340

Islamic architecture 41–42

Islamnagar, Madhya Pradesh 415

Ismailis, branch of Shi’ism 69

Itanagar, Arunachal Pradesh 593

Itimad ud-Daula, advisor to Jehangir 23, 208;

(tomb of) 217

Ittagi, Karnataka 705

 

Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh 463

Jabbal, Himachal Pradesh 313

Jacob, Sir Samuel Swinton, architect 138, 139,

162, 193, 308

Jagannath, form of Krishna 625

Jagat, Rajasthan 183

Jagat Sukh, Himachal Pradesh 320

Jageshwar, Uttarakhand 268

Jahan, Shah (see Shah Jahan)

Jahanara, daughter of Shah Jahan 102, 145, 216

Jaigad, Maharashtra 512

Jaigarh, Rajasthan 140

Jainism in India 17, 47, 62–63, 384

Jaipur, Rajasthan 9, 131, 133–38, 137, 139

Jaisalmer, Rajasthan 9, 21, 170–73

Jaisamand Lake, Rajasthan 183

Jai Singh, maharaja 134

Jaitak Fort, Himachal Pradesh 311

Jalaladdin Khilji 77

Jalali, Uttar Pradesh 227

Jalasanghvi Shiva Temple, Karnataka 679

Jallianwala Bagh Massacre 28, 293–94, 302

Jalore, Rajasthan 169

Jambughoda, Gujarat 383

Jammu and Kashmir 11, 325–59

Jammu city 337; (region) 337

Jamnagar, Gujarat 401

Jamyang, King 340

Janjira, Maharashtra 511

Janmashtami festival 59

Jantar Mantar observatories 118, 134, 136, 137,

226, 244, 428

Jataka tales 38

Jaunpur, Uttar Pradesh 9, 250

Jeanneret, Pierre, architect 282, 286

Jehangir, Mughal emperor 21, 23, 64, 68, 79,

131, 144, 146, 216, 218, 221, 253, 290, 317,

327, 384, 438, 446; (depictions of) 120, 477;

(site of death of) 338

Jehangir, Sir Cowasji 477, 478, 480

Jejuri, Maharashtra 507

Jeolikot, Uttarakhand 268

Jesus Christ 69, 330

Jews, Jewish communities in India 72–73, 405,

Mysore Princes Cemetery 555

Nakhoda Mosque 549

New Market 552

Niyamutullah Ghat Masjid 551

Ochterlony Monument 545

Old Legislative Council building 546

Old Medical College Building 549

Old Silver Mint 551

Park Street area 552

Park Street Cemetery 554

Presidency College 549

Prinsep Ghat 545

Race Course 545

Raja Rammohan Roy Memorial Centre 550

Raj Bhavan 546

Ronald Ross Laboratory 555

Semaphore Tower 542

St Andrew’s Church 548

St John’s Church 546

St Paul’s Cathedral 544

St Peter’s Church 542

Synagogues 548

Tagore’s Home 550

Thackeray’s House 556

Tipu Sultan Mosque 546, 556

Tollygunge Club 556

Tomb of Job Charnock 546

Town Hall 546

Victoria Memorial 542, 543

Vidhan Sabha 546

Writers’ Building 538, 547

Young Men’s Christian Association 552

Zoological Gardens 556

Kollam, Kerala 747

Kolvi, Rajasthan 195

Konarak/Konark, Orissa 9, 12, 40, 626–30

Kondapalli Fort, Andhra Pradesh 733

Kondavidu Fort, Andhra Pradesh 733

Konkan coast, Maharashtra 510

Kosala Kingdom 17

Kosam, Uttar Pradesh 254

Kotagiri, Tamil Nadu 825

Kota, Rajasthan 192

Kotay, Gujarat 405

Kottayam, Kerala 755

Kovalam Beach, Kerala 747

Kozhikode (see Calicut)

Krishna, Hindu god 47, 48, 49, 50, 53, 57, 59,

273, 403; (birthplace of) 37, 225; (footprint

of) 140

Krishna, river 501, 712

Krishnamurti, J., spiritual leader 50

Kshatriya, warrior caste 17, 58

 

Kuchaman, Rajasthan 144

Kuchesar Mud Fort, Uttar Pradesh 228

Kuknur, Karnataka 705

Kulu, Himachal Pradesh 321

Kumaon, Uttarakhand 267

Kumbakonam, Tamil Nadu 801

Kumbhalgarh, Rajasthan 21, 180

Kumbh Mela festival 59

Kura, Ladakh 354

Kurma, avatar of Vishnu 51

Kurnool, Andhra Pradesh 734

Kurseong, West Bengal 583

Kurudumale, Karnataka 664

Kurukshetra, Haryana 57, 273

Kuruvatti, Karnataka 707

Kushanas, ancient people 18

Kushinagar, Uttar Pradesh 256

Kutch District, Gujarat 403–08

Kuthar, Himachal Pradesh 311

L

Labrang Monastery, Sikkim 587

Ladakh region, Jammu and Kashmir 11, 325,

338–56

Lahaul, Himachal Pradesh 314

Lakhpat, Gujarat 406

Lakkundi, Karnataka 706

Lakshadweep islands 13, 763

Lakshman, Hindu god 56

Lakshmi, Hindu goddess 51, 55

in Diwali festival 59

Lalitaditya, King 326

Lalitgiri, Orissa 631

Lamayuru Monastery, Ladakh 352

Landor, Walter Savage, poet 554

Landour, Uttarakhand 264

Kennedy, Captain Charles, political agent 304

Kera, Gujarat 406

Kerala 12, 744–67

Kesariya, Bihar 604

Kesroli, Rajasthan 156

Ketevan, queen of Georgia 646

Khajuraho, Madhya Pradesh 9, 11, 40, 451–59,

453

Khalanga, battle of 261

Khalsa, Sikh brotherhood 64

Khambat, Gujarat 372

Khandagiri Caves, Orissa 622

Khandala, Maharashtra 504

Khan, Sir Syed Ahmed 68

Kharwa Fort, Rajasthan 147

Khed, Maharashtra 512

Khilji Dynasty 20, 77 (see also Alauddin Khilji,

Jalaladdin Khilji)

Khimsar Fort, Rajasthan 170

Khuching, Orissa 631

Khuldabad, Maharashtra 520

Khurram (see Shah Jahan)

Khusrau, son of Jehangir 23

Kinnaur, Himachal Pradesh 314

Kipling, J. Lockwood 483

Kipling, Rudyard, writer 195, 305, 324, 483,

537, 558

Kiradu temples, Rajasthan 174

Kishangarh, Rajasthan 148

Kittur, Karnataka 706

Koch Bihar, West Bengal 583

Koch, Ebba, art historian 259

Kochi (see Cochin)

Kodagu (see Coorg)

Kodai, Tamil Nadu 825

Kodungallur (see Cranganore)

Koenigsberger, Otto, architect 619

Kohima, Nagaland 594; (battle of) 594, 596

Koil, Uttar Pradesh 227

Kolar, Karnataka 664

Kolayat, Rajasthan 162

Kolhapur, Maharashtra 509

Kolikonda (see Holkonda)

Kolkata 9, 12, 537–59

Academy of Fine Arts 545

Kolkata contd.

Agrihorticultural Society of India 556

Alipore 556

Alipore Observatory 556

Armenian Church 549

Ashutosh Museum of Indian Art 549

Asiatic Society 554

BBD Bagh 547

Belur Math 552

Belvedere 556

Bhukailash Rajbari 556

Botanical Gardens 552

Catholic Cathedral 548

Chinatown 549

Choto Rashbari 556

Chowringhee 552

Civic Centre 545

College Street 549

Dalhousie Barracks 542

Dalhousie Square 547

Eden Gardens 545

Fort William 537, 538, 542

General Post Office 548

Government College of Art and Crafts 552

Grand Hotel 552

Great Eastern Hotel 546

Greek Orthodox Church 555

Gwalior Monument 545

Hare School 549

Hastings House 556

High Court 546

Howrah 551

Howrah Bridge 551

Indian Museum 552

Jorasanko Thakurbari 550

Kalighat Temple 555

Kidderpore 556

Kitchener House 542

Kolkata Maidan 542

Kolkata Panorama 546

Kolkata Police Museum 551

La Martiniere schools 554

Marble Palace 550

Metcalfe House 548

Mother Teresa’s Home 555

Mapusa, Goa 650

Maratha Empire 25

Margao, Goa 651

Margherita, Assam 593

Mariam, mother of Jehangir 219, 221

Martand, Kashmir 336

Martel, Yann, writer 828

Martin, Claude, mercenary and adventurer 26,

231, 544, 554

Marwar, Rajasthan 170

Mashobra, Himachal Pradesh 313

Masrur, Himachal Pradesh 317

Matheran, Maharashtra 503

Mathura style of sculpture 37

Mathura, Uttar Pradesh 37, 225

Matsya, avatar of Vishnu 51

Mauryan Empire 16, 35, 597, 634

Mayer, Albert, architect 282

McLeod Ganj (see Dharamsala)

Medak, Andhra Pradesh 725

Medd, Henry, architect 534

Meenakshi, Hindu goddess 55; (temple of,

Madurai) 817–18, 819

Meerabai, female mystic 147

Meerut, Uttar Pradesh 227

Megasthenes, 3rd-century bc diplomat 8, 17,

618

Meghalaya 593

Mehrangarh Fort-Palace, Jodhpur 164

Mehrauli Archaeological Park, Delhi 85

Mehta, Deepa, film-maker 260

Mehta, Gita, novelist 619

Mehta, Zubin, conductor 75

Menal, Rajasthan 198

Menander, Indo-Greek king 18

Mercara, Karnataka 670

Mercury, Freddie, rock star 75

Merta, Rajasthan 147

Metcalfe, Sir Thomas, Resident at Delhi 87, 122

Mewar (former state), Rajasthan 174

Michell, George, writer 204, 711

Milinda (see Menander)

Miniature paintings 42

Mir Shah, Muslim ruler 326

Mistry, Rohinton, writer 45, 75, 500

Mizoram 594

Modern art and architecture 43

Modhera, Gujarat 373

Moghul (see Mughal)

Mohangarh, Rajasthan 173

Mohenjo-daro, Pakistan 15, 34; (Dancing girl

statuette) 15, 15, 120; (seal) 48

Moinuddin Chishti, sufi 66, 69, 145

Moira, Goa 650

Mongol forces 20

Moore, Thomas, Irish poet 328

Morbi, Gujarat 400

Morni Hills, Haryana 275

Morvi, Gujarat 400

Moscheni, Antonio, painter 675, 750

Mother Teresa 72, 537

Motihari, Bihar 604

Mountbatten, Lord 29

Mudabidri, Karnataka 675

Mudgal, Karnataka 694

Mughals, rule of 21–26, 27, 28, 49, 64, 67, 86,

87, 131, 144, 146, 148, 161, 164, 168, 175,

206, 230, 271, 317, 326, 327, 361, 384,

435, 502, 515, 561, 598, 769 (see also Akbar,

Aurangzeb, Babur, Humayun, Jehangir, Shah

Jahan etc)

Mughal art and architecture 41, 42–43, 44, 65,

78–80, 120, 141, 147, 331, 440; (at Agra)

206ff; (at Aurangabad) 515–16; (at Delhi)

95ff; (at Fatehpur Sikri) 220–24; (at Sikandra)

218–19; (Srinagar) 332–33; (oldest extant

building) 272

Muhammad, Prophet of Islam 70; (foot- and

handprint of) 239

Muhammad of Ghor 20, 66, 77

Muhammad Shah, Mughal emperor 25

Muhammad bin Tughlaq 20, 78, 89, 91, 502,

518

Muharram festival 70

Mukhalingam, Andhra Pradesh 732

Mukteshwar, Uttarakhand 268

Mulbekh, Ladakh 353

Mumbai 9, 11, 468–500

Afghan Church 473

Albless Hospital 483

Languages in India 33

Lansdowne, Uttarakhand 267

Late Classical Age 19

Lauriya Nandangarh, Bihar 604

Lawrence, Sir Henry, leader at Siege of Lucknow

235, 311

Ledo, Assam 593

Leh, Ladakh region 343–46; (Treaty of) 340

Lepakshi, Andhra Pradesh 737

Lepchas, people 586

Licchavi, ancient republic 603

Likir, Ladakh 348

Lingam, representation of Shiva 52, 245, 335

(see also Jyotirlingams)

Literature in India 45

Lodi Dynasty 21–22, 78, 206, 218, 250, 272,

436; (Lodi architecture and tombs) 41, 87,

92, 93, 240, 272, 614

Lodrava, Rajasthan 173

Lok Sabha, in parliament 32

Lonar Lake, Maharashtra 501, 534

Lonavla, Maharashtra 504

Lothal, Gujarat 15, 34, 371

Lotus Temple, Delhi 75

Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 9, 27, 229–37

Lumbini, Nepal 255, 831

Lutyens, Sir Edwin, architect 115, 117, 450

M

Machilipatnam, Andhra Pradesh 734

MacLeod, Duncan, architect 569–70

MacMahon Line 593

Madgaon (see Margao)

Madhopur, Rajasthan 150

Madhya Pradesh 11, 412–66

Madikeri (see Mercara)

Madras 25, 26 (see also Chennai)

Madurai, Tamil Nadu 9, 817–21, 819

Magadha Kingdom 17, 597

Mahabaleshwar, Maharashtra 508

Mahabalipuram, Tamil Nadu 12, 19, 39, 768,

781–86

Mahaban, Uttar Pradesh 227

Mahabharata, Hindu epic 16, 35, 48, 57, 273

Mahakali, Hindu goddess 56

Mahakuta, Karnataka 689

Mahanadi, river 618

Maharashtra 11, 501–36

Maharishi, Ramana, guru 796

Mahavir, founder of Jainism 17, 63, 603, 613

Mahavir Jayanti, holy day in Jainism 63

Mahayana Buddhism 61

Mahé enclave 745, 761, 787

Maheshwar, Madhya Pradesh 433

Mahishasura, Hindu demon 56

Mahmud of Ghazni, Muslim leader 20, 66

Mahoba, Madhya Pradesh 463

Maitreya, bodhisattva 62

Majuli, Assam 592

Makar Sankranti festival 59

Malcolm, Sir John, soldier and historian 480

Malda, West Bengal 573

Maliabad, Karnataka 708

Malik Kafur, general 769

Malinathan, Arunachal Pradesh 593

Malpannagudi, Karnataka 705

Malpem, Goa 650

Malwa, historic region of Madhya Pradesh 425

Mamallapuram (see Mahabalipuram)

Mamluk Dynasty 20, 66

Manali, Himachal Pradesh 319

Manan, Himachal Pradesh 313

Manapad, Tamil Nadu 822

Mandawa, Rajasthan 159

Mandi, Himachal Pradesh 322

Mandla, Madhya Pradesh 463

Mandore, Rajasthan 166

Mandovi, river 635

Mandu, Madhya Pradesh 429–33

Mandvi, Gujarat 406

Maneckshaw, Sam, field marshal 75

Maner, Bihar 602

Mangaladevi, Kerala 759

Mangalore, Karnataka 675

Mangeshi Temple, Goa 653

Manipur 594

Manjushri, bodhisattva 62

Mant, Charles, architect 509

Manto, Saadat Hassan, writer 302

Manucci, Niccolo, traveller 98

Mumbai contd.

Walkeshwar Temple 485

Watson’s Hotel 477

Wellington Circle 476

Western Railway Offices 479

Yacht Club 474

Mumtaz Mahal, wife of Shah Jahan 24, 178,

208, 211, 212, 215; (site of death of) 435

Munger, Bihar 604

Munnar, Kerala 760

Murad, 4th son of Shah Jahan 24

Murshidabad, West Bengal 568–571

Murud-Janjira (see Janjira)

Murugan, south Indian god 54

Music, Indian classical 44

Muslim architecture 41–42

Muslim League 29

Muslims in India 46, 49, 130, 288 (see also

Islam in India)

Mussoorie, Uttarakhand 263

Mutiny of 1857 (see Uprising)

Muttichira, Kerala 754

Muziris, Kerala 744, 758

Mysore, Karnataka 12, 664

Mysore Kingdom 26, 659

N

Nadir Shah, Persian emperor 25, 79

Nagaland 594

Nagalapuram, Andhra Pradesh 740

Nagapattinam, Tamil Nadu 811

Nagar, Himachal Pradesh 320

Nagarjunakonda, Andhra Pradesh 712, 728

Nagasena, early Buddhist monk 18

Nagaur, Rajasthan 168

Nagda, Rajasthan 182

Naggar, Himachal Pradesh 320

Nagore, Tamil Nadu 810

Nagpur, Maharashtra 534

Nahan, Himachal Pradesh 311

Nahargarh Fort, Rajasthan 140

Naini Tal, Uttarakhand 267

Nair, Mira, film-maker 500

Nalagarh, Himachal Pradesh 312

Nalanda, Bihar 61, 610–13

Nalnad Palace, Karnataka 670

Namakkal Fort, Tamil Nadu 825

Namgyal Dynasty 340, 586

Nanak, guru, founder of Sikhism 63, 65

Nandi Hills, Karnataka 663

Nandi, vehicle of Shiva 52

Nara Nag temples, Wangath, Kashmir 9

Narasimha, avatar of Vishnu 51

Narayan (Vishnu) 50, 51

Narayan, Jayaprakash, politician 598

Narayan, R.K., writer 45, 711

Narnaul, Haryana 22, 279

Narwar, Madhya Pradesh 442

Nasik, Maharashtra 513

Nasranis, Christian sect 71

Nast, Himachal Pradesh 320

Nataraja, representation of Shiva 40, 52

Nathdwara, Rajasthan 182

National Museum, Delhi 34, 77, 120

Nauraspur, Karnataka 686

Navsari, Gujarat 386

Nawab period, Nawabi style of architecture 229,

230, 231, 232, 233, 236

Nawalgarh, Rajasthan 159

Neelkanth temples, Rajasthan 156

Neemrana, Rajasthan 143

Neermahal Palace, Tripura 595

Nehru, Jawaharlal 29, 30, 268, 282, 316, 532;

(memorial to) 112; (museums/homes of)

119, 253

Nelcynda, Kerala 747

New Delhi 28, 113–122

Nicholson, General John 122

Nicobar Islands 12, 13, 829

Nimaj Palace, Rajasthan 170

Nizamuddin Aulia, Sheikh 101

Norbugang Park, Sikkim 588

Northeast India 590–96

Nowicki, Matthew, architect 282

Nur Jahan, wife of Jehangir 23

 

O’Dwyer, Michael, governor of Punjab 294

Old Delhi (Shahjahanabad) 24, 106–12

Old Goa 639–47

Mumbai contd.

Anjuman-i Islam building 483

Apollo Bunder 474

Armenian Church of St Peter 478

Army & Navy building 477

Art Deco residential apartments 479

Ballard Estate 481

Banganga Tank 485

Bhau Daji Lad Museum 484

Bhika Behram Well 479

Byculla 484

Cama Hospital 483

Central Telegraph Office 479

Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus 481

Christ Church 484

Churchgate Station area 479

Colaba 473

Cowasji Jehangir Hall 476

Crawford Market 483

Dargah of Haji Ali 485

Elephanta 490–494

Elphinstone Technical High School 483

Eros Cinema 479

Flora Fountain 479

Forts 485

Framji Cowasji Institute 483

Gateway of India 474

General Post Office 482

Haffkine Institute 485

Hanging Gardens 485

Heras Institute of Indology 483

High Court 479

Horniman Circle 479

Institute of Science 476

Jehangir Art Gallery 477

JJ School of Art 483

Jogeshwari Cave Temple 487

Kala Ghoda 477

Kanheri Caves 488

Kereseth Eliyahoo Synagogue 478

Kondivte Caves 487

Kotachiwadi 485

Little Colaba 473

Magen David Synagogue 484

Mahakali Caves 487

Mumbai contd.

Maharashtra State Police HQ 476

Mahatma Phule Market 483

Majestic Hotel 476

Malabar Hill 485

Mandapeshwar 489

Mani Bhavan 485

Metro Cinema 483

Mulji Memorial Fountain 481

Mumbadevi Temple 484

Municipal Corporation Headquarters 482

National Gallery of Modern Art 476

Old Customs House 481

Old Secretariat 478

Opera House 485

Oval Maidan area 478

Parel 485

Police Commissioner’s Office 484

Presidency Magistrates Court 483

Prince of Wales Museum 476

Public Works Building 479

Rajabai Tower 478

Raj Bhavan 485

Rampart Row 478

Readymoney Mansion 480

Regal Cinema 476

Reserve Bank of India 481

Sassoon Dock 473

Sassoon Library 477

Scots Kirk 478

Senate Hall 478

Sopara 496

St Andrew’s and St Columba’s Scottish

Church 478

St George’s Hospital 482

St Thomas’s Cathedral 480

St Xavier’s College 483

Taj Hotel 474

Times of India Offices 483

Towers of Silence 485

Town Hall area 480

Vasai 494

Veermata Jijabai Bhonsle Udayan 485

Victoria Gardens 485

Victoria Terminus 481

Pondicherry 12, 787–91

Pongal festival 59

Poona (see Pune)

Porbandar, Gujarat 402

Portuguese in India 21, 25, 30, 43, 71, 386,

392, 468, 494, 511, 566, 634, 744, 748

Post-Gupta period of art and architecture 38

Prabhas Patan, Gujarat 393

Prasad, Dr Rajendra 598

Pratapgarh, Maharashtra 508

Priestland, Gerald, journalist 46

Prinsep, James 27, 246; (memorial to) 545

Prithviraj Chauhan, King 66, 77

Puducherry (see Pondicherry)

Pudukottai, Tamil Nadu 815

Puja ceremony 58

Pulakesin II, King 658

Pulicat, Tamil Nadu 780

Pune, Maharashtra 505

Punjab 11, 288–302

Purana Qila, Delhi 22, 35, 57, 76, 79, 95–96

Puranas, Hindu text 57

Purandhar, Maharashtra 507

Pure Land Buddhism 62

Puri, Orissa 625

Pushkar, Rajasthan 148

Q

Qadianis sect 69

Quepem, Goa 652

Questions of Milinda, Buddhist text 18

Quilon, Kerala 747

Quit India movement 29, 293

Qutb Minar, Delhi 9, 19, 20, 41, 66, 77, 82–85

Qutbuddin Aibak, sultan of Delhi 20, 66, 77

Qutbuddin Bakhtiyar Kaki, head of

Chishti order 67

R

Rabdentse, Sikkim 587

Rabia Durani, wife of Aurangzeb 516

Rachol, Goa 651

Radha, consort of Krishna 53

Raichur, Karnataka 708

Raigad, Maharashtra 507

Raipur, Chhattisgarh 467

Raisen, Madhya Pradesh 415

Rajagriha, Bihar 17

Rajasthan 9, 129–204

Rajatarangini, Kashmiri epic 326

Rajgad, Maharashtra 507

Rajgarh, Maharashtra 507

Rajgir, Bihar 608

Rajim, Chhattisgarh 467

Rajkot, Gujarat 399

Rajpipla, Gujarat 384

Rajput caste 21 (period, architecture) 43, 130

Rajsamand, Rajasthan 182

Rajya Sabha 32

Raksha Bandhan, Rahi festival 59

Rama, Ram, Hindu god 47, 48, 49, 50, 52, 53,

56, 59; (pronunciation of name) 51; (birthplace

of) 239; (leaves mortal world) 238

Ramadan 70

Ramakrishna Mission 50, 552, 777

Ramanathapuram, Tamil Nadu 822

Ramanujan, S., mathematician 803

Ramanuja, philosopher 792

Ramayana, Hindu epic 16, 48, 56, 59

Rambhar, Uttar Pradesh 256

Ram Das, Sikh guru 64, 289

Ramgarh, Himachal Pradesh 312

Ramnavami festival 59

Rampur, Himachal Pradesh 313

Rampur, Uttar Pradesh 228

Ram Rai, Sikh guru 261

Ramshahr, Himachal Pradesh 312

Ramtek, Maharashtra 534

Rana Bhoj, King 412

Ranakpur, Rajasthan 63, 179

Rangpur, Assam 592

Ranikhet, Uttarakhand 268

Rani of Jhansi 27, 444, 445

Ranipur Jharial, Orissa 631

Rann of Kutch, Gujarat 407

Ranthambore, Rajasthan 131, 149

Raphael 773

Rashtrakuta Dynasty 39, 658

Rashtrakutas, ancient people 19

Ratnagiri, Maharashtra 512

Old Malda, West Bengal 578

Omkareshwar, Madhya Pradesh 435

Onam festival 59

Ootacamund (see Ooty)

Ooty, Tamil Nadu 824

Orchha, Madhya Pradesh 446–9

Orissa 12, 618–33; (architecture of) 39

Orwell, George, writer 604

Osiyan, Rajasthan 167

Oudh (see Avadh)

 

P

Pachmarhi, Madhya Pradesh 417

Padmanabhapuram, Tamil Nadu 823

Padmapani, bodhisattva 62

Padmini, queen of Chittor 188, 190

Paithan, Maharashtra 534

Pakistan, Partition from India 29, 65

Palai, Kerala 754

Palampet, Andhra Pradesh 727

Palampur, Himachal Pradesh 318

Palanpur, Gujarat 376

Palas, ancient people 19

Palasi, West Bengal 573

Palghat, Kerala 760

Palitana, Gujarat 391

Pallavas, ancient people 19, 768

Palliport, Kerala 757

Pallipuram, Kerala 757

Panaji (see Panjim)

Pancha Ratha, Tamil Nadu 39

Pandav Lena Caves, Maharashtra 513

Pandey, Mangal, mutineer 27, 568

Pandharpur, Maharashtra 510

Pandits, people 325

Pandua, West Bengal 567, 577

Pandya Dynasty 18, 768

Panhala Fort, Maharashtra 509

Panipat, Haryana 272; (battle of) 21

Panjim, Goa 635–8

Panna, Madhya Pradesh 461

Pansaimol (see Ugsalimol)

Paonta Sahib, Himachal Pradesh 312

Parapalli, Kerala 761

Parashuram, avatar of Vishnu 52

Parenda Fort, Maharashtra 510

Parihaspura, Kashmir 337

Parsis 46, 73, 384, 386, 469, 503, 505, 539,

549

Parthians, ancient people 18

Partition in 1947 29–30, 65, 68, 172, 288,

290, 295, 326–27, 341, 561, 569; (film

about) 259

Parusnath, Jain saviour 63

Parusurampura, Rajasthan 160

Parvati, Hindu goddess 52, 55

Pashupati, representation of Shiva 52

Passage to India, A 607, 616

Pataliputra (ancient Patna), Bihar 17, 35, 597,

602

Patan, Gujarat 374

Pataudi, Haryana 280

Pathari, Madhya Pradesh 424

Patiala, Punjab 297

Patna, Bihar 598–601

Patnaik, Biju, politician 619

Patnaik, Naveen, politician 619

Pattadakal, Karnataka 19, 38, 690

Pattalam, Kerala 758

Pavagadh (see Champaner)

Pelling, Sikkim 587

Pemayangtse, Sikkim 587

Penukonda, Andhra Pradesh 736

Periyar Nature Reserve, Kerala 759

Pernem, Goa 650

Persepolis, Iran 35

Persia and Persian empires in Indian history 18,

22, 23, 25, 49, 73, 74, 75

Persian art 35

Phodong Monastery, Sikkim 587

Phoolan Devi, the Bandit Queen 441

Pilar, Goa 647

Pillar of Heliodorus, Madhya Pradesh 423

Pinjore, Haryana 275

Pink City (Jaipur), Rajasthan 135

Piprahwa, Uttar Pradesh 255

Plassey, West Bengal 573; (battle of) 26, 568,

573

Pokharan, Rajasthan 174

Ponda, Goa 653

Sayajirao III, ruler 378

Sayyid Dynasty 21, 78

Schwartz, C.F., missionary 806, 813

Scott, Sir George Gilbert, architect 478, 480, 547

Scythians, ancient people 18

Sen, Amartya, economist 579

Sen, Aparna, film-maker 559, 585

Sengge Namgyal, King 340

Sepoy Mutiny 27

Serampore, West Bengal 563

Seringapatam, battle of 26, 635, 659, 667;

(see also Srirangapatnam)

Seth, Vikram, writer 45, 558

Sevagram Ashram, Maharashtra 534

Shah Abbas, Persian emperor 23, 646

Shah Jahan, begum 413

Shah Jahan, Mughal emperor 21, 23–24, 42,

68, 79, 103, 127, 144, 175, 178, 195, 206,

207, 253, 327, 333, 444, 566; (and Taj

Mahal) 208ff; (other buildings commissioned

by) 103, 107, 215, 520; (last years of) 241,

216; (ring of) 718

Shahjahanabad (Old Delhi) 24, 42, 79, 106–12

Shahpura, Rajasthan 191

Shakas, ancient people 18

Shakti, devine feminine force 55, 58

ShamlajiIdar, Gujarat 377

Shankar, Ravi, musician 44

Shanti Niketan, West Bengal 579

Shastri, Lal Bahadur 30

Shatrunjaya, Gujarat 389

Shekhawati region, Rajasthan 157–60

Sher-Gil, Amrita, painter 43, 121

Sher Shah Suri, warlord 22, 79, 97, 249, 279,

598; (tomb of) 613

Shey, Ladakh 353

Shia Islam 69

Shillong, Meghalaya 593

Shimla (see Simla)

Shivaganga Fort, Karnataka 664

Shiva, Hindu god 40, 40, 47, 48, 49, 50, 52–53,

54, 56, 59, 242; (pronunciation of name) 51

(see also Ardhanarishwara, lingam)

Shivaji, Maratha leader 24, 25, 502, 507, 508,

796; (hand prints of) 512

Shivneri Fort, Maharashtra 512

Shivpuri, Madhya Pradesh 442

Shivratri festival 59

Sholapur (see Solapur)

Shravana Belagola, Karnataka 17, 673

Shuja, son of Shah Jahan 24

Shuja ud-Daula, nawab 230

Sibi, Karnataka 664

Sibsagar, Assam 591

Siddhartha Gautama (see Buddha)

Siddhpur, Gujarat 376

Siege of Lucknow 235

Sihor, Gujarat 389

Sikandra, Uttar Pradesh 218

Sikh Empire 64, 288

Sikhism in India 46, 63, 288

Sikkim 12, 586–89

Siliserh, Rajasthan 156

Simhachalam, Andhra Pradesh 731

Simhanath, Orissa 629

Simla, Himachal Pradesh 11, 303–11

Simlipal National Park, Orissa 631

Sindhudrug, Maharashtra 512

Singh, Dr Manmohan, prime minister 65

Singh, Duleep, maharaja 64, 65, 302

Singh, Gobind, Sikh guru 64, 267, 300, 301,

312; (birthplace of) 602

Singh, Manmohan, economist 31

Singh, Ranjit, maharaja 64, 289, 303

Singh, Sardar Sobha, painter 318

Singh, Udham, nationalist 294

Singh, Zorawar, general 340

Sinhagad, Maharashtra 507

Siraj ud-Daula, ruler of Bengal 26, 538

Sira, Karnataka 664

Sirhind, Punjab 299

Sirhindi, saint (see Ahmed)

Siri, historic name for Delhi 77

Sirpur, Chhattisgarh 467

Sisupalgarh, Orissa 623

Sita, Hindu goddess 53, 56

Skanda, Hindu od 54

Slave Dynasty 20, 66, 77

Solanki Dynasty 361

Solapur, Maharashtra 510

Ratnagiri, Orissa 630

Ravan, Ravana, demon-king in the Ramayana

56, 59

Ray, Satyajit, film-maker 45, 172, 204, 260,

539, 559, 560, 579

Raza, S.H., painter 121

Razia, female sultan 20, 297; (mosque) 246;

(tomb of) 107

Reagan, Ronald 596

Red Fort, Agra, Uttar Pradesh 21, 42, 214

Red Fort, Delhi 9, 21, 24, 76, 103

Redi, Maharashtra 512, 650

Reinhardt, Walter 110, 218, 228

Rekong Peo, Himachal Pradesh 314

Rewal, Raj 44

Rewa, Madhya Pradesh 463

Richards, Norah 318

Rigveda, Hindu text 48, 51, 56, 58

Rinchen Shah, ruler 340

Rinpoche, Sikh guru 586

Rishabdeo, Rajasthan 183

Rishabdeo, Rishabnath (see Adinath)

Rishikesh, Uttarakhand 9, 265

Rizong Monastery, Ladakh 352

Roerich, Nicholas, artist 321, 666

Rohetgarh, Rajasthan 170

Ross, David, traveller 274

Ross, Ronald 555

Roy, Arundhati, writer 45, 767

Roy, Jamini, artist 545, 554

Roy, Raja Rammohan, campaigner 550–51

Rudra, Hindu god 53

Rumtek Monastery, Sikkim 587

Rushdie, Salman, writer 45, 500, 767

Russell, Samuel, architect 718

S

Saadat Khan, ruler of Lucknow 230

Sabarimala, Kerala 759

Sadras, Tamil Nadu 787

Sagar, Madhya Pradesh 425

Saharanpur, Uttar Pradesh 229

Sainj, Himachal Pradesh 313

Salabhanjika, statue 423, 440

Salar Masud of Ghazni 66

Salem, Tamil Nadu 825

Salihundram, Andhra Pradesh 731

Salt March 29, 293, 386, 411,

Saluva Dynasty 695

Samalkot, Andhra Pradesh 732

Samarkand, city in central Asia 20

Sambhal, Uttar Pradesh 228

Samode, Rajasthan 143

Samru, Begum 110, 218, 228

Samsara, concept in Hinduism 58

Samthar, Uttar Pradesh 451

Sanauli, Uttar Pradesh/Nepali border 256

Sanchi, Madhya Pradesh 9, 11, 18, 36, 418–21

Sandrocottus (see Chandragupta)

Sanga Choeling Monastery, Sikkim 588

Sangama Dynasty 695

Sangam poetry 45

Sanghol, Punjab 300

Sangla, Himachal Pradesh 314

Sanjan, Gujarat 386

Sankaram, Andhra Pradesh 731

Sankaridrug, Tamil Nadu 825

Sankari Fort, Tamil Nadu 825

Sankar, novelist 558

Sannathi, Karnataka 682

Sanskrit language 16

Sarahan, Himachal Pradesh 313

Saraswati, Hindu goddess 55

Sardhana, Uttar Pradesh 228

Sardul Singh, Shekhawati leader 157

Sariska, Rajasthan 156

Sarnath, Uttar Pradesh 9, 18, 35, 60, 247–49

Sarvarkar, Veer 50

Sasaram, Bihar 22, 613

Saspol, Ladakh 348

Sassoon family 73, 474, 483, 506

Sassoon, David 474, 477, 484

Sassoon, Sir Albert 473, 474

Sasvad, Maharashtra 507

Satara, Maharashtra 509

Sati, goddess 268, 318

Sati, widow-burning (campaign against) 27,

49, 550, 551; (memorials to) 161, 165, 226,

462, 740

Saurashtra Peninsula, Gujarat 387–403

Thiruvalla, Kerala 755

Thiruvananthapuram (see Trivandrum)

Thomas, George, mercenary 26, 271, 278

Thomas the Apostle, St 71, 744, 778, 780

Thotlakonda, Andhra Pradesh 731

Thrissur, Kerala 758

Thuggee cult 441

Tibetan Buddhism 62, 342

Tillotson, Giles, historian 204, 259

Timurids, Mughal people 21

Timur, Mongol leader 20, 21, 78

Tipu Sultan, ruler of Mysore 26, 659, 660, 663,

665, 666, 669, 707, 748, 758, 759, 760, 762;

(birthplace of) 663; (palaces of) 660, 663,

668; (portrait of) 668; (defeat of) 667; (mausoleum

of) 668; (family of) 771, 794, 795

Tiracol Fort, Goa 650

Tiracol, Maharashtra 512

Tirthankars, Jain saviours 63

Tiruchendur, Tamil Nadu 822

Tiruchirappalli (see Trichy)

Tirukalukundaram, Tamil Nadu 786

Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh 738

Tirupparankunram, Tamil Nadu 821

Tiruvannamalai, Tamil Nadu 795

Tod, James, political agent 203

Tomar Dynasty 77

Tonk, Rajasthan 150

Towers of Silence 74, 469

Tranquebar, Tamil Nadu 808

Travancore (see Trivandrum)

Treaty of Leh 340

Treaty of Sugauli 303

Tribeni, West Bengal 566

Trichur, Kerala 758

Trichy, Tamil Nadu 811

Trimbakeshwar, Maharashtra 515

Tripunithira, Kerala 752

Tripura 594

Trivandrum, Kerala 745

Tsunami of 2004 770, 786, 787, 809, 810,

811, 829

Tughlaq Dynasty 20–21, 77–78, 111, 171, 250,

278, 317, 370, 372, 502, 678, 680 (see also

Feroze Shah, Ghiyasuddin, Muhammad)

Tughlaq architecture 41, 89–90, 92, 103, 107,

111–12, 112, 119, 250, 276, 277, 278, 279,

280, 372, 443, 685

Tughlaqabad Fort, Delhi 89–90

Tumlong, Sikkim 587

Tuticorin, Tamil Nadu 822

Twain, Mark 242

Tzangpo, Rinchen 340

U

Ucha Pind, Punjab 300

Udaipur, Rajasthan 9, 174–9

Udayagiri Caves, Orissa 622

Udayagiri Fort, Andhra Pradesh 741

Udayagiri, Madhya Pradesh 38, 422

Udayagiri, Orissa 630

Udayamperur, Kerala 753

Udayapur, Madhya Pradesh 425

Udayapur, Tripura 595

Udhagamandalam (see Ooty)

Udupi, Karnataka 676

Udwada, Gujarat 386

Ujjain, Madhya Pradesh 18, 427

Umarkot, Pakistan 23

Unakoti Rock Carvings, Tripura 595

Undavalli, Andhra Pradesh 733

UNESCO World Heritage Sites 76, 515, 606,

694, 807

United East India Company 565

Untouchables 50, 58, 753

Upanishads, Hindu text 57

Uprising of 1857 27, 80, 132

Usgalimol, Goa 652

Uttarakhand 9, 261–70

Uttaranchal (see Uttarakhand)

Uttar Pradesh 9, 32, 205–260

V

Vadnagar, Gujarat 377

Vadodara, Gujarat 377

Vaikom, Kerala 753

Vaishali, Bihar 603

Vaishya, merchant caste 58

Vajpayee, Atal Behari, politician 31

Valley of Flowers, Uttarakhand 267

Somnath, Gujarat 66, 393

Somnathpur, Karnataka 667

Sonamarg, Kashmir 336

Sonkh, Uttar Pradesh 227

Sopara, Maharashtra 496

Spice Hills, Goa 653

Spiti, Himachal Pradesh 314

Sravasti, Uttar Pradesh 17, 239

Sreeramulu, Potti, politician 712

Srikakulam, Andhra Pradesh 731

Srikurman, Andhra Pradesh 731

Sri Lanka, in the Ramayana 56

Sri Lankan civil war 31

Srinagar, Kashmir 328–34

Sriperumbudur, Tamil Nadu 792

Srirampur, West Bengal 563

Srirangam, Tamil Nadu 813

Srirangapatnam, Karnataka 667

Srisailam, Andhra Pradesh 730

Step-wells 375

Stevens, Charles, architect 426, 476

Stevens, F.W., architect 476, 479, 481, 482

Stok, Ladakh 353

Subathu, Himachal Pradesh 311

Subramaniam, South Indian god 54

Suchindram, Tamil Nadu 823

Sudra, farming caste 58

Sufism, Sufi shrines 49, 66, 67, 69, 86–87,

97,145, 239, 272, 274, 280,300,340, 354,

520,603, 681

Sultanate period 20, 77

Sultan Battery, Kerala 764

Sultan, M.A., writer 809

Sunni Islam 69

Sun Temple, Konarak, Orissa 12, 21, 626–30

Sun Temple, Martand, Kashmir 39, 336

Sun Temple, Modhera, Gujarat 373

Surat, Gujarat 25, 384

Surya, Hindu god 55

Suttee (see Sati)

Suvarnadrug, Maharashtra 512

Svetamber sect 63

T

Tabo, Himachal Pradesh 314

Tadpatri, Andhra Pradesh 736

Tagore, Rabindranath 44, 45, 209, 539, 545,

554, 555, 560, 579; (book about) 585;

(house of) 550; (memorial room) 366

Taj Mahal, Agra, Uttar Pradesh 9, 21, 23, 42,

208–13, 210

Talbehat, Madhya Pradesh 445

Taliparamba, Kerala 763

Talkad, Karnataka 667

Tambdi Surla, Goa 654

Tamerlane (see Timur)

Tamil Nadu 12, 768–829

Tamil nationalism 769

Tanjore, Tamil Nadu 9, 39, 769, 805

Tantra, Hindu-Buddhist concept 58

Tantric Buddhism 62

Tara, bodhisattva 62

Taragarh, Himachal Pradesh 318

Taragarh, Rajasthan 147

Taranga, Gujarat 377

Tashiding Monastery, Sikkim 588

Tashi Namgyal, King 340

Tashi Tenka, Sikkim 588

Tavernier, Jean-Baptiste, traveller 214

Tawang Monastery, Arunachal Pradesh 593

Tegh Bahadur, Sikh guru 25, 64, 68

Tehla, Rajasthan 156

Telangana state 713

Tellicherry, Kerala 761

Tendulkar, Sachin, cricketer 33

Tera, Gujarat 406

Ter, Maharashtra 510

Terekhol (see Tiracol Fort)

Tezpur, Assam 591

Thackeray, William Makepeace 556

Thalassery, Kerala 761

Thanesar, Haryana 19, 274

Thangasseri, Kerala 747

Thanjavur (see Tanjore)

Tharangambadi (see Tranquebar)

Thar Desert 129

Thekkady, Kerala 759

Theravada Buddhism 61, 62

Thikse Monastery, Ladakh 354, 355

Thirumayam, Tamil Nadu 815

Vamana, avatar of Vishnu 52

Varaha, avatar of Vishnu 38, 51

Varanasi (Benares), Uttar Pradesh 9, 25, 241–47

Varkala Beach, Kerala 747

Varma, Raja Ravi, artist 43, 121, 378, 666, 718,

747

Vasai, Maharashtra 21, 494

Vedas, Sanskrit religious texts 15, 35, 45, 56

Vedic Age 15, 35

Vedic Brahmanism 48

Vellore, Tamil Nadu 794

Vembanad Lake, Kerala 752

Vereshchagin, artist 544

Vesakha festival 61

Victoria, Queen 28, 64, 720; (memorials to)

207, 542–44, 543; (statues of) 368, 399, 427,

484, 542, 544, 662

Vidarbha region, Maharashtra 534

Vidisha, Madhya Pradesh 423

Vighneshvara (see Ganesh)

Vijayadrug, Maharashtra 512

Vijayanagar (Hampi), Karnataka 21, 694–704

Vijayanagar Empire 41, 634, 659, 695, 769,

796, 805

Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh 732

Vijay Mandir Palace, Rajasthan 155

Vikramshila, Bihar 605

Vinayaka, Rajasthan 195

Viratnagar, Rajasthan 156

Visakhapatnam (see Vizag)

Visapur Fort, Maharashtra 504

Vishnu, Hindu god 51

Viswanath Temple, Varanasi 52, 245

Vivekananda, Swami, spiritualist 552, 777

Vizag, Andhra Pradesh 730

Vizianagaram, Andhra Pradesh 731

Vrindavan, Uttar Pradesh 226

Vultures 74

Vypeen Island, Kerala 752

W

Wadhwan, Gujarat 401

Wagha, Punjab 294

Waheguru, the Sikh God 64

Wailes, William, stained-glass designer 473

Wajid Ali Shah, nawab 231

Wangath, Kashmir 336

Wankaner, Gujarat 400

Warangal, Andhra Pradesh 712, 726

Wardha, Maharashtra 534

Wayanad, Kerala 764

Wellesley, Arthur, Duke of Wellington 668

West Bengal 12, 560–85

Western Ghats, Maharashtra 501, 658, 759, 824

White Huns, ancient people 19

Willingdon Island, Kerala 752

Wittet, George, architect 476, 481, 482

Wodeyar Dynasty 659, 660, 665

Wood, Michael, writer 828

X

Xuan Zang, traveller 248, 598, 603, 607, 610

Y

Yadava Dynasty 502

Yadav, Laloo Prasad, politician 598

Yaganti, Andhra Pradesh 735

Yahya Maneri, tomb of 603

Yamuna, river 24, 76

Yamunotri, Uttarakhand 266

Yanam, Andhra Pradesh 712, 732, 787

Yercaud, Tamil Nadu 825

Yudhishtara, character in the Mahabharata 57

Yuksom, Sikkim 588

Z

Zafarabad, Uttar Pradesh 251

Zain-ul Abedin, Muslim ruler 326

Zamorin, ruler 760

Zanskar 339

Zarathustra (see Zoroastrianism)

Zen Buddhism 62

Ziegenbalg, Bartholomäus, missionary 71, 809

Zoffany, Johann, painter 544, 668

Zoroastrianism in India 46, 73–75, 361, 377,

386, 469